Earth system models and global climate models are essential tools for predicting and projecting future climate on various timescales. However,
Dust emitted from desert surfaces on Earth impacts climate and weather by affecting cloud formation and interacting with solar and
Atmospheric chemistry plays a crucial role in Earth system modelling. It lies at the heart of complex interactions among air
The contribution of aviation to climate change is outlined, covering CO2 emissions and aviation-specific non-CO2 effects. Regarding the latter, aircraft-induced
Wildfires are increasing in size and frequency in the Western US due to a complex interplay between climate change and
Carbon dioxide (CO2) removal (CDR) can be accomplished using seawater as both the source of reactants, and as the reaction
Convective self-aggregation, the spontaneous clustering of convection in idealised simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium, is sometimes dismissed as being a model
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon greatly modulates the global weather and climate conditions with great socio-economic implications. At the
Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) a keystone species in the coastal Southern California Bight (SCB), supports hundreds of marine organisms and
Plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration have been extensively explored using in-situ FACE experiments and ecosystem models. Earth